diff --git a/.claude/skills/SKILL.md b/.claude/skills/SKILL.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7bd2dd3 --- /dev/null +++ b/.claude/skills/SKILL.md @@ -0,0 +1,893 @@ +--- +name: norwegian-legal-research +description: Use when researching Norwegian legal questions, laws, regulations, or legal concepts to ensure proper Lovdata citations and accurate Norwegian legal explanations +--- + +# Norwegian Legal Research + +## Overview + +Guide AI agents in conducting proper Norwegian legal research using Lovdata.no sources, providing accurate citations, and explaining legal concepts in appropriate Norwegian contexts. + +**Core principles:** +- Always cite specific Lovdata URLs with amendment dates +- Explain legal concepts in clear Norwegian +- Distinguish between laws (lover) and regulations (forskrifter) +- Consider hierarchical legal structure and cross-references + +**Announce at start:** "I'm using the norwegian-legal-research skill to ensure proper legal research methodology." + +## Citation Standards + +## Citation Standards + +### Lovdata URL Citations +**REQUIRED FORMAT:** +``` +https://lovdata.no/lov/[YEAR]/[NUMBER]/[SECTION] +https://lovdata.no/forskrift/[YEAR]/[NUMBER]/[SECTION] +``` + +**Complete Citation Structure:** +``` +[Law/Regulation Name] ([Short Form] [Date]), [Section Reference] +[Full Lovdata URL] +``` + +**Examples by Document Type:** + +**Laws (Lover):** +- `https://lovdata.no/lov/1999-07-16-65/§8` - Health Personnel Act §8 +- `https://lovdata.no/lov/2005-06-17-64/§2-1` - Working Environment Act §2-1 +- `https://lovdata.no/lov/2018-06-15-38/§13` - Personal Data Act §13 + +**Regulations (Forskrifter):** +- `https://lovdata.no/forskrift/2021-12-15-1234/§5` - GDPR Implementation Regulation §5 +- `https://lovdata.no/forskrift/2019-12-20-2358/§12` - Accounting Regulation §12 + +**Gazette Provisions (Lovtidend):** +- `https://lovdata.no/lti/lov/2024-01-15-123/§3` - Gazette law provision + +### Amendment References +**Include amendment dates and sources:** + +**Single Amendment:** +- "According to §8 of the Health Personnel Act (lov 1999-07-16-65), as amended by law 2023-06-16-50..." + +**Multiple Amendments:** +- "Pursuant to §2-1 of the Working Environment Act (lov 2005-06-17-64), with amendments through laws 2018-12-14-126 and 2022-03-18-11..." + +**Transitional Provisions:** +- "Section 13 of the Personal Data Act (lov 2018-06-15-38) applies from 1 July 2023, with transitional provisions in §27..." + +**Amendment History:** +- Always check Lovdata for complete amendment history +- Note effective dates of changes +- Reference the amending law numbers + +### Cross-References +**Cite related provisions with context:** + +**Hierarchical References:** +- "See Chapter 2 of the Health Personnel Act for qualification requirements" +- "Compare with §4 of the Patients' Rights Act (lov 1999-07-16-63)" + +**Related Legislation:** +- "This provision cross-references §13 of the Personal Data Act" +- "See also regulation 2021-12-15-1234 §5 for implementation details" + +**Case Law References:** +- "As interpreted by the Supreme Court in Rt-2023-1234" +- "See EFTA Court case E-1/23 for EU law interpretation" + +### Citation Validation +**Before finalizing citations:** + +**URL Verification:** +- Ensure all Lovdata URLs are accessible and current +- Check that section references exist in the cited version +- Verify amendment dates match the document + +**Amendment Accuracy:** +- Confirm amending law numbers are correct +- Validate effective dates of amendments +- Check for any subsequent amendments + +**Cross-Reference Integrity:** +- Verify referenced provisions exist +- Ensure hierarchical relationships are accurate +- Confirm amendment status of cross-referenced sections + +### Common Citation Errors +**AVOID these mistakes:** + +❌ **Missing Amendment Dates:** +- Wrong: "According to §8 of the Health Personnel Act..." +- Right: "According to §8 of the Health Personnel Act (lov 1999-07-16-65), as amended by law 2023-06-16-50..." + +❌ **Incorrect URL Format:** +- Wrong: `https://lovdata.no/lov/1999/65/§8` +- Right: `https://lovdata.no/lov/1999-07-16-65/§8` + +❌ **Outdated Citations:** +- Always verify current amendment status +- Check for newer versions of regulations + +❌ **Incomplete Cross-References:** +- Include both the referenced provision and its relationship +- Note any conditions or limitations + +### Citation Examples +**Complete Citation Patterns:** + +**Basic Law Citation:** +``` +Health Personnel Act §8 (lov 1999-07-16-65) +https://lovdata.no/lov/1999-07-16-65/§8 +``` + +**Amended Regulation:** +``` +GDPR Implementation Regulation §5 (forskrift 2021-12-15-1234), +as amended by regulation 2023-06-23-789 +https://lovdata.no/forskrift/2021-12-15-1234/§5 +``` + +**Cross-Referenced Provisions:** +``` +Working Environment Act §2-1 (lov 2005-06-17-64), see also +Chapter 2 for detailed qualification requirements +https://lovdata.no/lov/2005-06-17-64/§2-1 +``` + +## Research Methodology +## Research Methodology + +### Initial Assessment +**Determine research scope and approach:** + +**Question Analysis:** +- Identify the legal domain (health, employment, data protection, etc.) +- Determine if primary legislation or secondary regulations are needed +- Assess whether case law or administrative interpretations are relevant +- Consider regional variations (mainland Norway vs territories) + +**Source Prioritization:** +1. **Constitution (Grunnloven)** - For fundamental rights questions +2. **Primary Legislation (Lover)** - Main legal framework +3. **Secondary Legislation (Forskrifter)** - Implementation details +4. **Case Law (Domstol)** - Judicial interpretations +5. **Administrative Guidance** - Agency interpretations + +### Source Selection Strategy +**Laws vs Regulations Decision Tree:** + +**Use Laws (Lover) when:** +- Establishing fundamental legal principles +- Constitutional rights are involved +- Primary legal obligations need definition +- Framework legislation is required + +**Use Regulations (Forskrifter) when:** +- Implementation details are needed +- Technical specifications are required +- Administrative procedures are involved +- Sector-specific rules apply + +**Search Both Sources when:** +- Uncertain about legal basis +- Comprehensive analysis required +- Implementation details may affect interpretation +- Cross-domain issues (e.g., health + data protection) + +### Hierarchical Navigation +**Understanding Norwegian Legal Structure:** + +**Constitutional Level:** +- **Grunnloven (Constitution)** - Supreme law, fundamental rights +- **Menneskerettighetsloven** - Human rights implementation + +**Primary Legislation:** +- **Lover (Acts)** - Framework laws passed by Stortinget +- Organized by subject areas (health, employment, environment, etc.) +- Numbered sequentially by year (e.g., 1999-07-16-65) + +**Secondary Legislation:** +- **Forskrifter (Regulations)** - Issued by ministries or agencies +- Implement and detail primary legislation +- Include technical standards and administrative procedures + +**Case Law and Interpretations:** +- **Høyesterett (Supreme Court)** - Rt-series citations +- **Lagmannsrett (Court of Appeal)** - Regional interpretations +- **Tingrett (District Court)** - First instance decisions + +### Amendment Tracking Process +**Systematic amendment verification:** + +**Current Status Check:** +- Access Lovdata.no for each relevant provision +- Review "Endringer" (Changes) section for amendment history +- Note effective dates and amending law numbers + +**Amendment Impact Assessment:** +- Determine if amendments change substantive rights/obligations +- Check for transitional provisions +- Assess whether amendments affect interpretation of related provisions + +**Temporal Considerations:** +- Note when provisions came into force +- Check for sunset clauses or review dates +- Consider pending legislative changes + +### Research Workflows +**Structured research approaches:** + +**Basic Legal Research:** +1. Identify relevant legal domain +2. Search primary legislation first +3. Check for implementing regulations +4. Verify current amendment status +5. Note cross-references to related provisions + +**Complex Multi-Domain Research:** +1. Map all potentially relevant legal areas +2. Prioritize sources by legal hierarchy +3. Search systematically through each domain +4. Identify and resolve conflicts between provisions +5. Document comprehensive amendment history + +**Amendment Impact Analysis:** +1. Establish baseline (original provision) +2. Track each amendment chronologically +3. Assess cumulative impact of changes +4. Identify any transitional provisions +5. Note effective dates and implementation requirements + +### Search Strategy Optimization +**Effective information retrieval:** + +**Keyword Selection:** +- Use Norwegian legal terminology +- Include both formal and common terms +- Consider synonyms and related concepts +- Search in both Norwegian and relevant English terms + +**Boolean Search Techniques:** +- Use AND for combining concepts +- Use OR for alternative terms +- Use quotes for exact phrases +- Use wildcards for variations + +**Source-Specific Strategies:** +- **Lovdata**: Use advanced search filters by date, type, subject +- **Vector Search**: Use semantic search for conceptual queries +- **Cross-References**: Follow provision linkages systematically + +### Validation Procedures +**Ensuring research accuracy:** + +**Source Verification:** +- Confirm all cited URLs are accessible +- Validate amendment dates against official sources +- Cross-check provision numbers and hierarchies + +**Legal Consistency Check:** +- Ensure interpretations align with established case law +- Verify compatibility between related provisions +- Check for any conflicting regulations + +**Completeness Assessment:** +- Confirm all relevant provisions have been identified +- Verify amendment history is complete +- Ensure cross-references are comprehensive + +### Common Research Pitfalls +**Avoid these methodological errors:** + +❌ **Over-Reliance on Single Sources:** +- Always check multiple sources for comprehensive understanding +- Don't assume regulations cover all implementation details + +❌ **Ignoring Amendment History:** +- Amendments can fundamentally change legal obligations +- Always check "Endringer" section on Lovdata + +❌ **Missing Hierarchical Context:** +- Provisions must be understood within their legal framework +- Chapter and section context affects interpretation + +❌ **Incomplete Cross-Reference Analysis:** +- Related provisions often clarify or limit main provisions +- Cross-references may indicate exceptions or special rules + +### Research Documentation +**Maintain comprehensive records:** + +**Research Log:** +- Document search terms and strategies used +- Record sources consulted and dates accessed +- Note any dead ends or unproductive searches + +**Citation Trail:** +- Maintain complete citation history +- Document amendment verification steps +- Record cross-reference analysis + +**Decision Rationale:** +- Explain why certain sources were prioritized +- Document interpretation decisions +- Note any uncertainties or assumptions + +## Language & Communication +## Language & Communication + +### Norwegian Legal Terminology +**Essential legal vocabulary with explanations:** + +**Constitutional & Fundamental Concepts:** +- **Grunnloven** (Constitution) - Supreme law establishing government structure and fundamental rights +- **Menneskerettigheter** (Human rights) - Universal rights protected under Norwegian law +- **Rettstat** (Rule of law) - Principle that all must follow the law +- **Likhet for loven** (Equality before the law) - All persons treated equally under legal system + +**Legal Entities & Subjects:** +- **Rettssubjekt** (Legal subject) - Entity with legal rights and obligations +- **Rettsperson** (Legal person) - Corporation or organization with legal personality +- **Fysiske personer** (Natural persons) - Individual human beings +- **Juridisk person** (Juridical person) - Legal entity separate from its members + +**Legal Proceedings & Actions:** +- **Påtale** (Prosecution) - Criminal proceedings initiated by public authorities +- **Søksmål** (Lawsuit) - Civil legal action between parties +- **Anke** (Appeal) - Request for higher court to review decision +- **Dom** (Judgment) - Court decision resolving legal dispute + +**Legal Obligations & Rights:** +- **Plikt** (Duty/Obligation) - Legal requirement to act or refrain from acting +- **Rettighet** (Right) - Legally protected entitlement +- **Ansvar** (Liability/Responsibility) - Legal accountability for actions +- **Erstatning** (Compensation) - Monetary redress for harm or loss + +**Administrative & Regulatory Terms:** +- **Forskrift** (Regulation) - Secondary legislation issued by executive branch +- **Tillatelse** (Permit/License) - Official permission required for certain activities +- **Krav** (Requirement) - Mandatory condition or standard +- **Sanksjon** (Sanction) - Penalty for non-compliance + +**Contract & Commercial Terms:** +- **Avtale** (Agreement/Contract) - Legally binding arrangement between parties +- **Partsforhold** (Privity of contract) - Legal relationship between contracting parties +- **Motytelse** (Consideration) - Something of value exchanged in contract +- **Heving** (Rescission) - Cancellation of contract due to breach + +**Property & Ownership Terms:** +- **Eiendom** (Property) - Rights over tangible or intangible assets +- **Eierskap** (Ownership) - Legal right to possess and control property +- **Tinglysing** (Registration) - Official recording of property rights +- **Pant** (Mortgage/Pledge) - Security interest in property + +**Employment & Labor Terms:** +- **Arbeidsgiver** (Employer) - Entity employing workers +- **Arbeidstaker** (Employee) - Person performing work for employer +- **Arbeidsavtale** (Employment contract) - Agreement governing employment relationship +- **Oppsigelse** (Termination) - Ending of employment relationship + +**Health & Social Services Terms:** +- **Pasientrettigheter** (Patient rights) - Legal protections for healthcare recipients +- **Samtykke** (Consent) - Voluntary agreement to medical treatment +- **Taushetsplikt** (Confidentiality duty) - Obligation to maintain secrecy +- **Behandlingsansvar** (Treatment responsibility) - Accountability for medical care + +### Plain Language Communication +**Tailor communication to audience needs:** + +**General Public Communication:** +- Use everyday Norwegian vocabulary +- Explain legal concepts through familiar examples +- Avoid Latin legal phrases (substitute with Norwegian equivalents) +- Provide practical implications, not just legal rules + +**Professional Legal Communication:** +- Employ precise legal terminology when appropriate +- Reference specific law sections and amendment dates +- Use established legal interpretations and precedents +- Maintain formal, objective tone + +**Technical & Specialized Contexts:** +- Balance technical accuracy with accessibility +- Define specialized terms when first used +- Provide both legal and practical perspectives +- Include implementation guidance where relevant + +### Audience Adaptation Strategies +**Adjust communication based on context:** + +**Individual Citizens:** +- Focus on personal rights and obligations +- Explain practical steps and procedures +- Use concrete examples from daily life +- Emphasize available remedies and protections + +**Business Entities:** +- Highlight compliance requirements and risks +- Explain operational impacts of legal rules +- Provide risk management strategies +- Note reporting and documentation obligations + +**Government & Public Sector:** +- Reference hierarchical legal frameworks +- Explain delegation and implementation authorities +- Note coordination requirements between agencies +- Emphasize public interest considerations + +**Legal Professionals:** +- Use precise legal terminology and citations +- Reference case law and administrative interpretations +- Analyze legal relationships and hierarchies +- Consider strategic implications and precedents + +### Cultural Context in Norwegian Law +**Understanding Norwegian legal culture:** + +**Consensus-Oriented Approach:** +- Preference for negotiation over confrontation +- Emphasis on compromise and mutual understanding +- Administrative processes often prioritize dialogue +- Alternative dispute resolution widely used + +**Individual Rights Focus:** +- Strong constitutional protections for personal freedoms +- Extensive privacy and data protection rights +- Worker rights and social protections emphasized +- Environmental and sustainability considerations integrated + +**Administrative Law Dominance:** +- Extensive regulatory frameworks in most sectors +- Administrative agencies have significant interpretive authority +- Internal appeals processes before court proceedings +- Detailed procedural requirements for administrative actions + +**Nordic Legal Tradition:** +- Civil law system with codified statutes +- Strong emphasis on legal certainty and predictability +- Integration of international human rights standards +- Balancing individual rights with community interests + +### Communication Best Practices +**Effective legal information delivery:** + +**Clarity Principles:** +- Use short sentences and clear structure +- Define technical terms when first introduced +- Provide examples to illustrate complex concepts +- Organize information logically and sequentially + +**Accuracy Standards:** +- Ensure all legal information is current and verified +- Clearly distinguish between legal requirements and recommendations +- Note any uncertainties or areas requiring professional advice +- Provide sources for all significant claims + +**Ethical Communication:** +- Clearly distinguish legal information from legal advice +- Recommend professional consultation for specific situations +- Avoid creating false expectations about legal outcomes +- Maintain neutrality and objectivity in presentations + +### Multilingual Considerations +**Handling Norwegian/English contexts:** + +**Official Language Requirements:** +- Norwegian is the official language of Norwegian law +- Legal documents must be in Norwegian (bokmål or nynorsk) +- Court proceedings conducted in Norwegian +- Official communications from authorities in Norwegian + +**International Contexts:** +- EU law and international treaties may have English versions +- Business contracts often include both languages +- Technical standards may be available in English +- Academic legal discussions may use English terminology + +**Translation Challenges:** +- Legal concepts may not have direct equivalents +- Cultural context affects legal interpretations +- Norwegian legal terms carry specific historical meanings +- Professional translation recommended for important documents + +## System Integration +## System Integration + +### Lovdata API Endpoints +**Available search capabilities:** + +**Vector Search Endpoints:** +- `search_provisions_vector` - Semantic search across law provisions +- `search_gazette_provisions_vector` - Semantic search across gazette provisions +- `search_all_provisions_vector` - Combined semantic search across all provisions + +**Full-Text Search Endpoints:** +- `search_provisions` - Full-text search in law provisions +- `search_gazette_provisions` - Full-text search in gazette provisions +- `search_all_provisions` - Combined full-text search + +**Metadata Endpoints:** +- `get_law_metadata` - Retrieve law document information +- `get_provision_details` - Get detailed provision information +- `get_cross_references` - Find related provisions + +### Query Formulation Strategies +**Optimizing search effectiveness:** + +**Semantic Search Best Practices:** +- Use complete Norwegian phrases rather than single keywords +- Include contextual terms that describe the legal situation +- Consider both formal legal terminology and common language +- Frame queries as complete questions or statements + +**Example Queries:** +- Instead of "privacy": "personopplysninger behandling samtykke" +- Instead of "contract": "avtale partsforhold motytelse heving" +- Instead of "employment": "arbeidsavtale arbeidsgiver arbeidstaker oppsigelse" + +**Full-Text Search Optimization:** +- Use Norwegian legal terms with proper spelling +- Include section references when known (§8, kapittel 2) +- Combine with boolean operators (AND, OR, NOT) +- Use quotes for exact phrases + +### Result Interpretation Framework +**Evaluating and prioritizing search results:** + +**Relevance Assessment:** +- **Semantic Similarity Score**: Higher scores indicate better conceptual match +- **Amendment Currency**: Verify provision is current and not superseded +- **Hierarchical Context**: Ensure provision fits within legal framework +- **Cross-Reference Density**: More connections suggest central importance + +**Result Ranking Strategy:** +1. **Primary Relevance**: Direct semantic matches to query +2. **Contextual Fit**: Provisions that address the specific legal situation +3. **Authority Level**: Prefer laws over regulations when both apply +4. **Recency**: More recently amended provisions may be more relevant + +**False Positive Identification:** +- Provisions that mention keywords but don't address the legal issue +- Outdated provisions that have been significantly amended +- Provisions from unrelated legal domains +- Generic provisions that don't apply to specific circumstances + +### Integration Patterns +**Effective system usage workflows:** + +**Initial Research Query:** +1. Start with broad semantic search using `search_all_provisions_vector` +2. Review top 10-15 results for relevance +3. Identify key provisions and their hierarchical context +4. Follow cross-references to related provisions + +**Focused Legal Analysis:** +1. Use specific domain searches (laws vs regulations) +2. Combine semantic and full-text searches for comprehensive coverage +3. Track amendment history for each relevant provision +4. Build citation network of related legal sources + +**Amendment Impact Assessment:** +1. Search for provisions using original enactment dates +2. Identify all amending legislation +3. Assess cumulative impact of changes +4. Verify effective dates and transitional provisions + +### Database Schema Integration +**Understanding data relationships:** + +**Core Tables:** +- `laws`: Document-level metadata (titles, dates, legal areas) +- `provisions`: Individual legal provisions with hierarchical context +- `gazette_provisions`: Gazette-published provisions +- `cross_references`: Relationships between provisions + +**Key Fields:** +- `doc_id`: Unique identifier (e.g., 'NL/lov/2025-06-20-100') +- `provision_text`: Full text of the legal provision +- `embedding`: Vector representation for semantic search +- `search_vector`: PostgreSQL tsvector for full-text search + +**Hierarchical Structure:** +- `book_num`, `chapter_num`, `article_num`, `paragraph_num` +- Text-based numbering (supports "8a", "III", "første ledd") +- Parent-child relationships between provisions + +### Search Result Processing +**Converting system output to legal analysis:** + +**Provision Analysis:** +- Extract section references and hierarchical position +- Identify amendment history and effective dates +- Note cross-references to related provisions +- Assess scope and limitations of the provision + +**Citation Generation:** +- Format Lovdata URLs with complete paths +- Include amendment references where applicable +- Note effective dates and transitional provisions +- Provide both Norwegian and English explanations + +**Legal Network Mapping:** +- Identify primary provisions and supporting regulations +- Map cross-reference relationships +- Note any conflicts or complementary provisions +- Assess comprehensive legal framework + +### Error Handling and Validation +**Managing system limitations and uncertainties:** + +**Search Result Validation:** +- Verify URLs are accessible and current +- Cross-check provision text against known versions +- Validate amendment dates and references +- Confirm hierarchical relationships are accurate + +**System Limitation Awareness:** +- Vector search may miss highly specific legal terms +- Full-text search requires exact keyword matches +- Cross-reference data may not be comprehensive +- Amendment tracking depends on data completeness + +**Fallback Strategies:** +- Combine multiple search approaches +- Use full-text search for specific citations +- Manually verify critical provisions +- Consult official Lovdata website for complex cases + +### Performance Optimization +**Efficient system usage:** + +**Query Optimization:** +- Use specific Norwegian legal terminology +- Prefer semantic search for conceptual queries +- Use full-text search for known citations +- Limit result sets to manageable numbers + +**Batch Processing:** +- Process related queries together +- Cache frequently accessed provisions +- Reuse search results across related questions +- Build provision networks incrementally + +**Result Filtering:** +- Apply relevance thresholds based on similarity scores +- Filter by amendment dates for currency +- Prioritize by legal hierarchy (laws over regulations) +- Focus on specific legal domains when known + +## Quality Assurance +## Troubleshooting + +### Common Research Challenges +**Solutions for frequent issues:** + +**No Relevant Results Found:** +- **Cause**: Overly specific or incorrect terminology +- **Solution**: Use broader Norwegian legal terms, try synonyms +- **Prevention**: Start with general concepts, then narrow down + +**Conflicting Provisions:** +- **Cause**: Amendments not properly tracked or regulations contradicting laws +- **Solution**: Check amendment hierarchy and effective dates +- **Prevention**: Always verify currency of all cited provisions + +**Unclear Legal Language:** +- **Cause**: Complex legal drafting or missing context +- **Solution**: Read provisions in hierarchical context, consult related sections +- **Prevention**: Never interpret provisions in isolation + +**Missing Cross-References:** +- **Cause**: Incomplete cross-reference data in system +- **Solution**: Manually search Lovdata for related provisions +- **Prevention**: Use multiple search strategies for comprehensive coverage + +### System Integration Issues +**Resolving technical problems:** + +**API Connection Problems:** +- **Symptom**: Search endpoints return errors +- **Solution**: Verify API availability, check authentication +- **Fallback**: Use direct Lovdata website access + +**Search Result Irrelevance:** +- **Symptom**: High similarity scores but low legal relevance +- **Solution**: Reformulate queries with more precise legal terminology +- **Prevention**: Test queries against known provisions first + +**Amendment Data Gaps:** +- **Symptom**: Missing or incomplete amendment information +- **Solution**: Cross-reference with official Lovdata website +- **Prevention**: Always validate critical amendment dates manually + +**Performance Issues:** +- **Symptom**: Slow response times or timeouts +- **Solution**: Narrow search scope, use specific endpoints +- **Prevention**: Optimize queries and limit result sets + +### Legal Interpretation Challenges +**Handling complex legal situations:** + +**Ambiguous Provisions:** +- **Approach**: Consider legislative intent and established interpretations +- **Solution**: Reference preparatory works and case law +- **Prevention**: Avoid definitive interpretations without legal expertise + +**Jurisdictional Uncertainty:** +- **Approach**: Determine applicable law based on subject matter and geography +- **Solution**: Check for special rules in Svalbard, Jan Mayen, or territorial waters +- **Prevention**: Clearly state jurisdictional assumptions + +**Temporal Issues:** +- **Approach**: Account for effective dates, transitional provisions, and retroactivity +- **Solution**: Track complete amendment history and implementation timelines +- **Prevention**: Never assume provisions apply universally across time + +### Communication Breakdowns +**Resolving explanation issues:** + +**Terminology Confusion:** +- **Symptom**: Users misunderstand legal explanations +- **Solution**: Use simpler language, provide concrete examples +- **Prevention**: Test explanations with non-legal audiences + +**Cultural Misunderstandings:** +- **Symptom**: Norwegian legal concepts misinterpreted through other legal traditions +- **Solution**: Explain Norwegian legal culture and civil law context +- **Prevention**: Include cultural context in explanations + +**Over-Technical Language:** +- **Symptom**: Explanations too complex for intended audience +- **Solution**: Adjust language level based on user expertise +- **Prevention**: Know your audience and adapt accordingly + +## Edge Cases + +### Complex Legal Scenarios +**Handling unusual situations:** + +**Constitutional Challenges:** +- **Scenario**: Provisions potentially conflicting with Grunnloven +- **Approach**: Prioritize constitutional provisions, seek expert legal review +- **Documentation**: Clearly note constitutional implications + +**EU Law Integration:** +- **Scenario**: Norwegian law implementing EU directives +- **Approach**: Reference both Norwegian and EU legal bases +- **Documentation**: Note EU law origins and implementation requirements + +**International Treaty Obligations:** +- **Scenario**: Norwegian law fulfilling treaty commitments +- **Approach**: Reference treaty provisions and implementation legislation +- **Documentation**: Include treaty citations and ratification information + +**Emergency Legislation:** +- **Scenario**: Temporary laws enacted during crises +- **Approach**: Note limited duration and special amendment procedures +- **Documentation**: Include sunset clauses and renewal requirements + +### Territorial Variations +**Special rules for different jurisdictions:** + +**Svalbard Special Status:** +- **Context**: Svalbard Treaty creates special legal regime +- **Approach**: Check Svalbard-specific legislation and regulations +- **Documentation**: Note territorial limitations and special rules + +**Continental Shelf Areas:** +- **Context**: Extended Norwegian jurisdiction over continental shelf +- **Approach**: Reference petroleum, fishing, and environmental regulations +- **Documentation**: Include geographic scope and international agreements + +**Jan Mayen and Dependencies:** +- **Context**: Special administrative arrangements +- **Approach**: Check for specific local adaptations +- **Documentation**: Note any deviations from mainland Norwegian law + +### Temporal Complexities +**Handling time-sensitive legal issues:** + +**Retroactive Amendments:** +- **Scenario**: Laws changing past legal consequences +- **Approach**: Assess constitutionality and transitional provisions +- **Documentation**: Clearly note retroactive effects and limitations + +**Sunset Clauses:** +- **Scenario**: Temporary provisions with automatic expiration +- **Approach**: Track expiration dates and renewal procedures +- **Documentation**: Include implementation timelines and review dates + +**Phased Implementation:** +- **Scenario**: Laws implemented in stages over time +- **Approach**: Note different effective dates for different provisions +- **Documentation**: Provide complete implementation schedule + +### Multilingual Legal Research +**Handling Norwegian/English interfaces:** + +**EU Legal Materials:** +- **Challenge**: EU documents available in both languages +- **Approach**: Prefer Norwegian versions for official Norwegian law +- **Documentation**: Note language of original source + +**International Business:** +- **Challenge**: Contracts and business law in English +- **Approach**: Reference Norwegian implementing legislation +- **Documentation**: Distinguish between contract terms and governing law + +**Technical Standards:** +- **Challenge**: Industry standards in English +- **Approach**: Check Norwegian adoption and implementation +- **Documentation**: Include both original and implementing references + +### Ethical and Professional Boundaries +**Maintaining appropriate limits:** + +**Legal Advice vs Information:** +- **Boundary**: Clear distinction between providing information and giving advice +- **Approach**: Always recommend professional legal consultation +- **Documentation**: Include standard disclaimers + +**Confidentiality Issues:** +- **Boundary**: Respect attorney-client privilege and confidentiality +- **Approach**: Avoid discussing specific client situations +- **Documentation**: Note limitations on confidential information + +**Conflict of Interest:** +- **Boundary**: Avoid situations compromising impartiality +- **Approach**: Disclose any potential conflicts +- **Documentation**: Maintain professional independence + +## Usage Examples + +### Basic Legal Research +**Query:** "What are the requirements for establishing a Norwegian company?" + +**Process:** +1. Search both laws and regulations +2. Cite specific sections from the Companies Act (Aksjeloven) +3. Note any recent amendments +4. Explain key concepts in Norwegian + +### Amendment Tracking +**Query:** "Has the data protection law changed recently?" + +**Process:** +1. Reference the Personal Data Act (Personopplysningsloven) +2. Check for GDPR implementation amendments +3. Note effective dates +4. Explain practical implications + +### Cross-Reference Analysis +**Query:** "How do health regulations relate to privacy laws?" + +**Process:** +1. Cite relevant sections from both Health Personnel Act and Personal Data Act +2. Explain the relationship between different legal frameworks +3. Note any special provisions or exceptions + +## Maintenance + +### Content Updates +**Regular review:** +- Monitor Lovdata for legal changes +- Update citation examples as needed +- Refresh Norwegian legal terminology +- Validate against current legal practice + +### Quality Metrics +**Track effectiveness:** +- Citation accuracy rates +- User satisfaction with explanations +- Legal expert validation scores +- System integration success rates + +--- + +**Status:** Active skill for Norwegian legal research guidance. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/.claude/skills/TESTING.md b/.claude/skills/TESTING.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8af63d4 --- /dev/null +++ b/.claude/skills/TESTING.md @@ -0,0 +1,285 @@ +# Norwegian Legal Research Skill - Testing & Validation + +## Phase 3: TDD-Based Skill Testing + +This document implements Test-Driven Development for the Norwegian legal research skill, following the plan requirements for AI agent behavioral validation. + +## Testing Methodology + +### TDD Approach +1. **Define Expected Behavior**: Specify correct Norwegian legal research conduct +2. **Test Without Skill**: Document AI agent failures and incorrect behaviors +3. **Implement Skill Content**: Write skill sections addressing identified failures +4. **Test With Skill**: Validate that agents now demonstrate correct behavior +5. **Iterate**: Refine skill content based on test results + +### Test Scenarios +Each test scenario includes: +- **Query**: The legal research question +- **Expected Behavior**: Correct conduct with skill active +- **Baseline Failure**: Typical incorrect behavior without skill +- **Validation Criteria**: How to measure success + +## Test Scenario 1: Basic Citation Standards + +### Query +"What are the requirements for patient consent in Norwegian healthcare?" + +### Expected Behavior (With Skill) +``` +I'm using the norwegian-legal-research skill to ensure proper legal research methodology. + +According to §4 of the Health Personnel Act (lov 1999-07-16-65), as amended by law 2023-06-16-50: +"Health personnel shall ensure that the patient receives sufficient information to form the basis for consent." + +https://lovdata.no/lov/1999-07-16-65/§4 + +This provision requires that patients receive adequate information about their treatment options, risks, and alternatives before providing valid consent (samtykke). +``` + +### Baseline Failure (Without Skill) +❌ **Missing Lovdata Citations**: References generic "Norwegian law" without specific URLs +❌ **Incorrect URLs**: Uses wrong format like `https://lovdata.no/health-act/section-4` +❌ **No Amendment Tracking**: Ignores that laws get amended +❌ **Poor Norwegian Terms**: Uses English "consent" instead of Norwegian "samtykke" + +### Validation Criteria +- [ ] Includes complete Lovdata URL with correct format +- [ ] References specific law number and section +- [ ] Notes amendment status +- [ ] Uses appropriate Norwegian legal terminology +- [ ] Explains concepts in clear Norwegian + +## Test Scenario 2: Amendment Tracking + +### Query +"Has the Norwegian data protection law changed recently?" + +### Expected Behavior (With Skill) +``` +I'm using the norwegian-legal-research skill to ensure proper legal research methodology. + +The Personal Data Act (Personopplysningsloven) has been significantly amended to implement GDPR requirements: + +- Original law: lov 2000-04-14-31 +- GDPR implementation: Major amendments by law 2018-06-15-38 +- Recent updates: Further amendments through 2023-12-15-123 + +Key provision §1 now states: "This act implements Regulation (EU) 2016/679 (GDPR) in Norwegian law." + +https://lovdata.no/lov/2018-06-15-38/§1 + +The current law represents a complete overhaul from the 2000 version. +``` + +### Baseline Failure (Without Skill) +❌ **Outdated References**: Cites old law versions without amendment awareness +❌ **Missing Implementation Context**: Doesn't explain GDPR relationship +❌ **Incomplete Amendment History**: Only mentions most recent change +❌ **No Effective Dates**: Doesn't clarify when changes took effect + +### Validation Criteria +- [ ] Identifies original and amending legislation +- [ ] Explains relationship to EU law (GDPR) +- [ ] Provides complete amendment chronology +- [ ] Notes effective dates and implementation context +- [ ] Distinguishes between original and current provisions + +## Test Scenario 3: Source Selection (Laws vs Regulations) + +### Query +"How do I register a Norwegian business?" + +### Expected Behavior (With Skill) +``` +I'm using the norwegian-legal-research skill to ensure proper legal research methodology. + +Business registration in Norway involves both primary legislation and implementing regulations: + +**Primary Law**: Companies Act (Aksjeloven) lov 1997-06-13-44 +- Framework provisions for company formation and registration +- https://lovdata.no/lov/1997-06-13-44 + +**Implementing Regulation**: Companies Registration Regulation (Forskrift om registrering av foretak) +- Detailed procedures for registration process +- Technical requirements for documentation +- https://lovdata.no/forskrift/1997-06-13-765 + +The law establishes the legal framework, while the regulation provides the step-by-step procedures that the Brønnøysund Register (business registry) follows. +``` + +### Baseline Failure (Without Skill) +❌ **Single Source Only**: References only laws or only regulations +❌ **Missing Hierarchy**: Doesn't explain relationship between laws and regulations +❌ **Incorrect Source Type**: Uses regulations for primary legal questions +❌ **No Implementation Context**: Doesn't connect to administrative procedures + +### Validation Criteria +- [ ] References both primary law and implementing regulations +- [ ] Explains hierarchical relationship (law → regulation → practice) +- [ ] Provides correct source types for each level +- [ ] Connects legal framework to administrative implementation +- [ ] Includes relevant administrative agency references + +## Test Scenario 4: Cross-Reference Analysis + +### Query +"How does Norwegian employment law protect against discrimination?" + +### Expected Behavior (With Skill) +``` +I'm using the norwegian-legal-research skill to ensure proper legal research methodology. + +Norwegian anti-discrimination law integrates multiple legal sources: + +**Primary Legislation**: +- Working Environment Act (Arbeidsmiljøloven) §13-1: General anti-discrimination provisions +- https://lovdata.no/lov/2005-06-17-62/§13-1 + +**Specialized Protection**: +- Anti-Discrimination Act (Diskrimineringsloven) provides comprehensive protection +- https://lovdata.no/lov/2017-06-16-51 + +**Cross-References**: +- Working Environment Act §13-1 cross-references the Anti-Discrimination Act for detailed provisions +- Anti-Discrimination Ombud (LDO) enforces both laws + +The Working Environment Act provides workplace-specific protections, while the Anti-Discrimination Act offers broader coverage across all sectors. +``` + +### Baseline Failure (Without Skill) +❌ **Single Provision Focus**: Only cites one law without related provisions +❌ **Missing Cross-References**: Doesn't note how provisions interconnect +❌ **Incomplete Coverage**: Ignores related specialized legislation +❌ **No Enforcement Context**: Doesn't mention relevant agencies or procedures + +### Validation Criteria +- [ ] Identifies primary and related legislation +- [ ] Explains cross-reference relationships +- [ ] Notes hierarchical connections between provisions +- [ ] Includes enforcement and implementation agencies +- [ ] Provides comprehensive coverage of legal framework + +## Test Scenario 5: Norwegian Legal Terminology + +### Query +"What does 'partsforhold' mean in Norwegian contract law?" + +### Expected Behavior (With Skill) +``` +I'm using the norwegian-legal-research skill to ensure proper legal research methodology. + +In Norwegian contract law, "partsforhold" (privity of contract) refers to the legal relationship between the parties to a contract. + +**Legal Definition**: Partsforhold describes the contractual relationship between contracting parties, establishing their rights and obligations toward each other. + +**Key Provisions**: +- Contracts Act (Avtaleretten) general principles +- Specific applications in commercial law + +**Practical Implications**: +- Only parties to the contract (partsforhold) can enforce its terms +- Third parties generally cannot claim rights under the contract +- Exceptions exist for certain commercial relationships + +This concept is fundamental to Norwegian contract law and limits contractual effects to the actual parties. +``` + +### Baseline Failure (Without Skill) +❌ **Direct Translation Only**: Just translates to "party relationship" without legal context +❌ **Missing Legal Implications**: Doesn't explain practical effects in Norwegian law +❌ **No Comparative Context**: Doesn't relate to broader legal principles +❌ **Incomplete Explanation**: Lacks depth of legal understanding + +### Validation Criteria +- [ ] Provides accurate Norwegian legal definition +- [ ] Explains practical legal implications +- [ ] Relates to broader Norwegian legal principles +- [ ] Includes relevant legal sources or examples +- [ ] Uses appropriate legal terminology consistently + +## Test Scenario 6: Cultural and Ethical Boundaries + +### Query +"I want to start a business in Norway but I'm not sure about the legal requirements. Can you help me register my company?" + +### Expected Behavior (With Skill) +``` +I'm using the norwegian-legal-research skill to ensure proper legal research methodology. + +I can provide information about the general legal requirements for company registration in Norway, but I must emphasize that this is not legal advice. + +**General Information**: +- Norwegian company registration is governed by the Companies Act (Aksjeloven) +- The Brønnøysund Register handles company registrations +- Minimum capital requirements vary by company type + +**Recommended Next Steps**: +1. Consult the official Brønnøysund Register website +2. Seek advice from a qualified Norwegian lawyer or accountant +3. Consider using authorized registration agents + +For your specific situation, I strongly recommend consulting qualified legal professionals who can provide advice tailored to your circumstances. +``` + +### Baseline Failure (Without Skill) +❌ **Provides Specific Advice**: Gives step-by-step instructions as if legal advice +❌ **No Disclaimers**: Doesn't distinguish information from advice +❌ **Missing Professional Referral**: Doesn't recommend consulting experts +❌ **Overconfident Guidance**: Presents general information as definitive + +### Validation Criteria +- [ ] Clearly distinguishes information from advice +- [ ] Includes appropriate disclaimers +- [ ] Recommends professional legal consultation +- [ ] Provides general information only +- [ ] Directs to official sources and qualified professionals + +## Validation Procedures + +### AI Agent Testing Protocol +1. **Baseline Testing**: Test scenarios without skill access +2. **Document Failures**: Record incorrect behaviors and missing elements +3. **Skill Activation**: Enable skill for same scenarios +4. **Compliance Verification**: Check against validation criteria +5. **Iteration**: Refine skill content based on failures + +### Success Metrics +- **Citation Accuracy**: All Lovdata URLs correctly formatted +- **Amendment Completeness**: All relevant amendments identified +- **Source Appropriateness**: Correct use of laws vs regulations +- **Cross-Reference Coverage**: Related provisions properly linked +- **Terminology Accuracy**: Correct Norwegian legal terms used +- **Ethical Compliance**: Proper disclaimers and professional referrals + +### Testing Tools +- **Multiple AI Agents**: Test with different models (GPT, Claude, Gemini) +- **Prompt Variations**: Test with different phrasings of same query +- **Context Variations**: Test with different levels of user expertise +- **Follow-up Questions**: Test ability to handle clarification requests + +## Implementation Status + +### Completed Tests +- [x] Test Scenario 1: Basic Citation Standards +- [x] Test Scenario 2: Amendment Tracking +- [x] Test Scenario 3: Source Selection +- [x] Test Scenario 4: Cross-Reference Analysis +- [x] Test Scenario 5: Norwegian Legal Terminology +- [x] Test Scenario 6: Cultural and Ethical Boundaries + +### Validation Results +- [ ] Run baseline tests without skill +- [ ] Document behavioral failures +- [ ] Activate skill and re-test +- [ ] Verify compliance improvements +- [ ] Refine skill content as needed + +## Next Steps + +1. Execute baseline testing with multiple AI agents +2. Document all failures and gaps +3. Implement additional skill content addressing failures +4. Re-test with skill active +5. Achieve 100% compliance on validation criteria +6. Proceed to Phase 4: Documentation & Integration